![]() ![]() Infrastructure was renovated, trade was opened and developed, and the arts flourished under his rule. People from all walks of life, religions, and castes were engaged in his empire’s modernized army and administration. Though a devout Sikh who spearheaded an effort to repair his religion’s main sites, notably the Harmandir Sahib or “Golden Temple” in Amritsar, he also went to considerable pains to protect religious freedom inside his borders. During his rule, Punjab and Northwest India experienced a golden era. ![]() All of this changed with the ascension of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. ![]() Afghan invasions, chronic infighting among Punjab’s numerous sovereign kingdoms, and the impending prospect of British expansion had left the province politically unstable, economically weak, and religiously divided by the time Ranjit Singh was born in 1780. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, also known as the “Lion of Punjab” or “Sher-e-Punjab,” was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire, which controlled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early part of the nineteenth century. ![]()
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